Early signs to notice
Irregular or missed periods, persistent acne, thinning scalp hair, extra facial or body hair, and weight gain around the waist are the most common signs.
Not every woman with PCOS has all of them, and some have a normal weight — which is one reason the condition is often missed.
How PCOS is diagnosed
There’s no single test. We look at your cycle history, check hormone levels and, where useful, do a pelvic ultrasound. A diagnosis usually needs two of three features: irregular ovulation, signs of high androgens, or polycystic ovaries on scan.
We also rule out thyroid problems and other causes that can look similar.
What actually helps
Regular activity, a balanced diet and good sleep are the foundation. Medicines can regulate periods, reduce symptoms and support fertility when you’re ready.
PCOS also raises the long-term risk of diabetes, so we suggest a sugar check every year or two.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor the same day if you notice:
- No period for 3 months or more (and not pregnant)
- Very heavy bleeding that soaks a pad every hour
- Rapidly increasing facial hair or a deepening voice
- Severe pelvic pain
In an emergency, call 108.
Many of the women I see with PCOS were told for years that irregular periods were normal, or that they simply needed to lose weight. PCOS is common and it is manageable, but the plan has to fit your priorities: some women want regular cycles, others are troubled most by acne or hair growth, and some are planning a pregnancy. I take time to understand which matters most to you before suggesting tests or medicines. Lifestyle changes help almost everyone, and even modest progress makes a difference. Please come in if your periods have changed — early answers are easier.
Frequently asked questions
About the author
MBBS, MS (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) · 15 years’ experience · Reg. MMC 2010/02/1543
References
- International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Monash University / ESHRE, 2023.
- Good Clinical Practice Recommendations on PCOS. FOGSI.
This article is for general information and isn’t a substitute for medical advice. If you’re worried about your health, see a doctor. In an emergency, call 108. Read our editorial policy.
